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Background We assess the efficacy of orientation programmes for doctors of proper donning, doffing techniques for personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe practices inside the COVID-19 hospital in reducing the COVID-19 infection rate among doctors. Methods A total of 767 resident doctors and 197 faculty visits on weekly rotation were recorded over a six month period. Doctors were guided through orientation sessions before their entry into the COVID-19 hospital from 1 August 2020. The infection rate among doctors was used to study the efficacy of the programme. McNemars Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rate in the two groups before and after orientation sessions were commenced. Discussion A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection was seen among resident doctors after orientation programmes and infrastructure modification (3% vs 7.4%, P=0.03). Twenty-eight of 32 (87.5%) doctors who tested positive developed asymptomatic to mild infection. The infection rate was 3.65% and 2.1% among residents and faculty respectively. There was no mortality recorded. Conclusion Orientation programme for healthcare workers for PPE donning and doffing protocols with practical demonstration and trial of PPE usage can significantly reduce COVID-19 infection. Such sessions should be mandatory for all workers on deputation in designated area for Infectious Diseases and in pandemic situations.
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Background: We assess the efficacy of orientation programmes for doctors of proper donning, doffing techniques for personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe practices inside the COVID-19 hospital in reducing the COVID-19 infection rate among doctors. Methods: A total of 767 resident doctors and 197 faculty visits on weekly rotation were recorded over a six month period. Doctors were guided through orientation sessions before their entry into the COVID-19 hospital from 1 August 2020. The infection rate among doctors was used to study the efficacy of the programme. McNemars Chi-square test was used to compare the infection rate in the two groups before and after orientation sessions were commenced. Discussion: A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection was seen among resident doctors after orientation programmes and infrastructure modification (3% vs 7.4%, P=0.03). Twenty-eight of 32 (87.5%) doctors who tested positive developed asymptomatic to mild infection. The infection rate was 3.65% and 2.1% among residents and faculty respectively. There was no mortality recorded. Conclusion: Orientation programme for healthcare workers for PPE donning and doffing protocols with practical demonstration and trial of PPE usage can significantly reduce COVID-19 infection. Such sessions should be mandatory for all workers on deputation in designated area for Infectious Diseases and in pandemic situations.
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Micro and small businesses financially suffered due to COVID-19 in India. This financial suffering created financial stress among them and deteriorated their financial well-being. However, micro and small business owners exhibit financial resilience by bouncing back to regular business activities through their hope, optimism, and selfefficacy, which are the components of positive psychological capital. This study analyzes the relationship between financial stress and financial well-being of micro and small firm owners keeping financial resilience as a mediator and positive psychological capital as a moderator in the mediation. This descriptive analysis employed a survey method to collect primary data using the interview method. The interview method was used as most micro and small business owners are comfortable with interaction rather than filling out the questionnaires due to the language barrier. The sample size is 384 respondents, as per Krejcie and Morgan's formula. The mean scores indicate a moderate degree of financial stress (2.354), financial resilience (2.623), and financial well-being (2.637). The level of financial stress differs based on the respondents' gender. Financial stress is more among female business owners (2.504) than their male counterparts (2.265). Further, business owners who earn more have a higher level of financial resilience (2.985), psychological capital (2.951), and financial well-being (2.711). Financial stress significantly impacts financial well-being (28.4%). Financial resilience has a partial mediation effect (65%) on financial stress and financial well-being. Finally, psychological capital moderates indirect relationships among financial stress, financial resilience, and financial well-being. © Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, Nagalingam Kannan, Issac Elias, Vinita Seshadri, 2022.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has considerably promoted the usage of Digital Financial Services (DFS) in India. Therefore, exploring the various determinants influencing the DFS users is crucial for the DFS providers to understand their customers better. This study aims to identify, measure, and validate the determinants of Digital Financial Literacy (DFL) from the Indian adults who use Digital Financial Services. A sample of 384 adult DFS users from India was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire in 2021. A multidimensional scale was developed to measure the Digital Financial Literacy in this study. The results exhibit that Digital Knowledge, Financial Knowledge, Knowledge of DFS, Awareness of Digital Finance Risk, Digital Finance Risk Control, Knowledge of Customer Right, Product Suitability, Product Quality, Gendered Social Norm, Practical Application of Knowledge and Skill, Self-determination to use the Knowledge and Skill and Decision Making are the determinants of DFL among the adults in India. Further, the users of DFS without DFL will face numerous challenges such as inability to complete the transaction, financial loss and privacy breach, etc. Hence, the study concludes that DFL is prerequisite to use DFS effectively.
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Digital Financial Services (DFS) have been growing steadily all over the world. The COVID-19 crisis has reinforced the need for DFS. This study aims to examine the growth of DFS in the global and Indian markets and to analyze the factors that change the mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS during the pandemic. The growth of DFS is analyzed using secondary data. The changing customer mindset is studied and analyzed through primary data collected by a survey approach. The unit of analysis includes adults who use or prefer to use DFS. A total of 384 respondents, determined by Krejcie and Morgan formula, were personally interviewed. 384 is taken as sample size as this sample size avoids type II errors in the data analysis. The collected data were processed in SPSS21 software. The study results found that technological benefits (67.9%) have the most significant positive effect on changing people's mindsets and attitudes towards DFS followed by the pandemic forces (50.7%). Peer influences (33.2%) and perceived trust (38.3%) have also affected the change in mindsets and attitudes of adults regarding DFS. But the change in mindset is significantly and positively influenced by perceived risk (50.1%) rather than affecting negatively. So, the factors are confirmed again. The factors that drive changes in mindsets and attitudes of adults towards the adoption of DFS are Pandemic Forces & Convenience, Perceived Safety and Security, User Benefits and Experiences, Peer Influences, and Perceived Trust during the pandemic. © Ravikumar T, Rajesh R, Krishna T A, Haresh R, Arjun B S, 2022.
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The lockdowns and restrictions imposed to control COVID-19 have made life miserable for people, especially those involved in informal economic activities. The pandemic induced financial hardships, caused financial anxiety and financial stress among informal sector participants. This study aimed to measure and analyze the financial stress and financial insecurity of one of the important informal sector elements (street vendors) in India. Street vendors in Bangalore were interviewed in this descriptive research through personal interaction and telephonic interviews. The collected primary data were processed using SPSS statistical package. The results have indicated that the pandemic inflicted financial stress on street vendors irrespective of their gender, marital status, age, education, monthly income, and type of product dealt. Financial stress levels varied depending on the number of dependents of street vendors and their business nature. Financial literacy differed according to street vendors' marital status. A person becomes extremely sensitive and cautious in personal finance matters on getting married. Financial stress and financial literacy correlated negatively. 89.5% of street vendors perceived that they had financial insecurity in the future due to this pandemic. The results indicated that financial stress and financial literacy did not affect financial insecurity perceptions of street vendors. The predictors of financial insecurity have been marital status and the number of dependents of the street vendors (r2: 16.6%). However, marital status alone impacted the 6% variance in financial insecurity. This study concluded that the pandemic caused financial stress and financial insecurity among street vendors, but not financial stress and financial literacy. © Thangaraj Ravikumar, Mali Sriram, S Girish, R Anuradha, M Gnanendra, 2022.
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The COVID 19 pandemic has brought economic shock s all over the world. India is not an exception to this. The pandemic has made the lives of poor, and downtrodden people, micro, and small entrepreneurs miserable. Micro and small enterprises struggle to bounce back financially and to achieve financial health. Micro and small entrepreneurs face many problems such as no adequate income and savings, debt repayment, rising costs, lack of funds to run the business, financial and mental stress, uncertain future, and so on. Despite these problems, the micro and small enterprises move on steadily to achieve the goal of financial health. What makes them move on steadily? How do they manage their resources to achieve financial resilience? To seek answers to these questions, this study would like to examine the role of fortitude and sense of coherence in achieving financial resilience and financial health of micro and small entrepreneurs. © The Electrochemical Society
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INTRODUCTION: These are unprecedented times, where a global pandemic disrupts all aspects of local clinical practice. Yet, providing care for people with diabetic foot disease remains crucial: as clinicians caring for these patients, during peak of covid 19 many branches of medicine have adapted to telemedicine, this is difficult and challenging for the diabetic foot which often requires "hands on" treatment. METHODOLOGY: All the diabetic foot disease cases treated in various tertiary care medical colleges during covid period 1March2020 to 31 August 2021 admitted with RTPCR covid positive are taken for study. RESULTS : Total number of covid positive patients admitted and treated are 29,170 of them 9421 are DIABETIC, 143 had diabetic foot disease 7 patients undergone Below Knee AMPUTATION 19-PATIENTS NEED AMPUTAION OF DIGITS, 117 NEED DEEP DEBRIDEMENT, no mortality due to covid19, diabetic foot patients, but delayed wound healing, infections, AND INTENSIVE CARE ADMISSIONS ARE MORE COMPARED TO OTHER PATIENTS. CONCLUSION: There is no doubt that the covid-19 experience when handling diabetic foot problems will likely transform our approach to the management of diabetic foot disease especially in the areas of digital health and smart technology.double care, vaccination, mask, social distancing frequent soapand water hand wash all are necessary with adquate diabetic control. patient education plays a major role, daily mirror examination of feet and any ulcer, blister even painless should be attended immediately in order to prevent the vicious cycle of sepsis-uncontrolled DIABETES.
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The payments market in India has been witnessing a significant transformation in recent years. The Indian payments market has robustly and consistently been moving towards digitization due to enhanced digital infrastructure, favourable government policies, and initiatives, availability of new technologies, disruptive innovations, and changes in the mindset of the customers. India tops in the world’s real-time digital payments with 20.5 billion transactions in the year 2020 despite the adverse effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article deals with the growth of the Indian digital payments market and the technologies that drive the digital payments space at present and in the future. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Background: There is a world wide spread of Corona virus disease (COVID-19) from Wuhan city of China .It was declared as pandemic by the World Health organisation. Its spectrum of disease varies in each person. Particularly in children most of the children were asymptomatic, followed by moderate and <1% were in severe developing MIS syndrome which results in increase in inflammatory disorders. Mortality is low in the children. Not much cases reported in paediatric cases Aim of the study :The objective of the study is to describe the laboratory parameters in Covid 19 positive paediatric cases. Methodology: This study was done in Government ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu in Paediatric Department., from the period of May 2020 to April 2021. All the Covid positive children of age groups <12 years of both sexes were included. Patients having Non Covid Pneumonia were excluded. After getting ethical committee clearance data was collected using patient information sheet and laboratory investigations were done. The data was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using SPSS 23 Results: Majority of the study population 40% belongs to 5-10 years of age. Male predominance was noted in the study participants. Most of the children were asymptomatic 92%(700) and among the symptomatic 8%(100) the most common symptom is Fever and respiratory symptom like cold and cough. The laboratory parameter were observed to be in normal range. No elevation noted in the parameters.
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Background: In December 2019 an outbreak of novel coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS CoV-2) took place in Hubei province of wuhan in china. There is a rapid spread to all the countries.In September 2020 around 1 million death were reported globally. Covid 19 in children were reported in few countries like,China, USA and Iran. There presentation was similar but severity differs.In children mostly there is a wide spectrum of clinical presentation from common cold to death. But mostly mild symptoms were noted. Very few get into severe MIS-C syndrome with elevated markers.T Aim of the study: The objective of the study is to describe the Clinical profile and Haematological Parameters in Covid 19 positive paediatric cases. Methodology: This study was done in Government ESIC Medical College and Hospital,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu in Paediatric Department., from the period of May 2020 to April 2021. All the Covid positive children of age groups<12 years of both sexes were included. Patients having Non Covid Pneumonia were excluded. After getting ethical committee clearance data was collected using patient information sheetand laboratory investigations were done. The data was entered in MS excel and analysis was done using SPSS 23.p value <0.05 is considered significant.
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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has had a substantial effect on surgeons and patients who require surgical care. providing care for patients with surgical disease requires a unique and intimate relationship between the patient and surgeon, and this interaction and contact cannot be replaced by telehealth. as such, the surgical workforce has faced distinct challenges compared with nonsurgical specialties during the covid-19 pandemic. specific issues include the best approach to protect health care personnel and the patient;the ability to efficiently regulate delivery of surgical care;the detrimental effects on patients with surgical disease;the financial implications of the pandemic on health care systems;the management of surgical workforce shortages;the implications for education, research, and career development;and the emotional toll to all involved. Aim of study :to find out the incidence, complications, and out come of patients presented with surgical emergencies with covid-19 Methodology: All the covid positive patients confirmed by RTPCR presented with acute surgical emergency including LSCS are taken for study the study period is between march2019 to august2021 in various medical college hospitals, are taken for study. Results : Of the 25,609 patients admitted in the hospital with covid 19 required 338 lscs, 43, first trimester abortions,31 required emergency laporatomy(acute intestinal abstuction7,obstucted, strangulated ingunal hernia 9 acute appendicitis 15,) 143 diabetic foot disease.
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INTRODUCTION: The vaccination protects the individuals is beyond doubt, but many patients become positive even after vaccination and get admitted in hospitals. we want to study in detail the morbidity and mortality in these patients group, in a covid specialty designated hospital which admitted more than 27600 patients and taken 7,89,540 RTPCR samples, and 24,700 C.T.scans as pregnant mothers and children are excluded in order to prevent radiation hazards METHODOLOGY: All the patients admitted during the month of August and September 2021 in corona ward of government medical college and ESI hospital, Coimbatore, are taken for study. RESULTS: Total number of patients admitted are 1966, In non vaccinated admissions in covid ward 972 (49%) covid I.C.U admissions 308(16%) death 92 (4.6%) After first dose of vaccination, 612 (31%) patients required Admission in covid ward, 95(5%) required covid I.C.U beds and 20(1%) deaths . After second dose total admissions are admitted in covid ward 382, (19.4%) covid I.C.U admissions 42(2%) and death 5(0.25%) CONCLUSION: The death rate and hospital I.C.U admission are significantly reduced in patients with vaccination when compared with non vaccinated persons.
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INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for worse clinical outcomes in patients with Corona virus disease(COVID-19). Aim of study: To study, the out come in patients with diabetes mellitus, with RTPCR positive COVID-19 CONCLUSION: diabetic patients have the same percentage METHODOLOGY: All the patients admitted during the month of August and September 2021 in corona ward of government medical colleges, are taken for study RESULTS: Total number of patients admitted in covid ward are 1966, diabetes 246(12.5%) In non vaccinated: Total admissions 972(diabetes 124) 12.7%I.C.U admissions;308 (diabetes 38)12.3% Death;92 (diabetes 33) 35% . After first dose of vaccination,: Admissions: 612(diabetes 79)12.9% I.C.U admission, 95(diabetes 18) 18.9% deaths 20(diabetes 6) 30%. After second dose;Total admissions 382(diabetes 43)11.2% I.C.U admissions 42(diabetes 8) 19% and death 5(diabetes 2) 40% in patient admission but ICU admissions, prolonged hospital stay and death significantly more in diabetic patients. The death rate and hospital I.C.U admission is significantly reduced in patients with vaccination when compared with non vaccinated persons.
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The COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the humankind's livelihood, physical health, mental health, employment, and economy. Lockdowns, quarantines, online teaching, and learning have become new normal. Negativities have been spread across the globe and society by the pandemic. The negative effects caused a confused mindset, fear, anxiety, stress, and other psychological complications amongst the people especially among the Health Care Workers (HCWs), children, elderly people, and Frontline Workers (FLWs). This research work examines the levels of Occupational Stress (OS), and psychological well-being (PWB) of HCWs and police personnel during the pandemic and the relationship between OS and PWB. Further, the study analyzed the role of Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) as a mediator and Emotional Quotient (EQ) as a moderator in the relationship between OS and PWB. Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) characteristics of the respondents such as having faith in one's ability, and performance, willingness to succeed or attain the goals framed, ability to bounce back from the hard times, and their optimism about the future have helped them to tackle the stress caused by the pandemic and to maintain a better state of psychological wellbeing in the fight against the pandemic.
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Introduction: Cytokine storm refers to a group of medical conditions in which the immune system is producing too many inflammatory signals, leading to multiple organ failure and death.. The recent outbreak of Covid19 requires urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 two anti virals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) or high dose liposomal vitamin c orally has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose Material and methodology: 150 patients with RTPCR Confirmed covid 19 positive without co morbidity with elevated inflammatory cytokines on admission (CRP & FERRITIN) are taken for study. After getting informed consent they were given high dose oral(2 grams) liposomal vitamin C for all, after fifth day and after tenth day the repeat tests were done in the same lab and the results are analyzed.
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INTRODUCTION: It is not the corona virus that kills people with COVID;it is usually the immune system over-reacting against dead virus particles, which triggers a "cytokine storm, " an inflammatory fire out of control. That's when very high doses of both steroids and vitamin C are needed. Normally, the adrenal glands, which contain a hundred times more vitamin C than other organs, release both the body's most powerful steroid hormone cortisol as well as vitamin C, when in a state of emergency. The steroid helps the vitamin C get inside cells and calm down the fire. Vitamin C is both an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, mopping up the "oxidant" fumes of the cytokine storm. Without vitamin C the steroid hormone cortisol can't work so well. That's why ICU doctors administer both extra vitamin C and steroids to get a patient out of the danger zone. AIM OF STUDY: To find out the role of high dose oral liposomal vitamin-c in reducing morbidity,(symptomatic relief in physical, neuro cognitive functions improvement, anxiety and depression) in patients admitted in a tertiary care covid 19 hospital between 1st march to 31 may 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the patients admitted in between march 1 to may 31 2021 are taken for study irrespective of any comorbidities. Totally 57,769 covid-19 positive persons are screened. Their RTPCR status, ct scan scores, bio chemical markers all studied, and those who were eligible for admission as per ICMR guidelines admitted(n=8634). All the patients during their entire stay in the hospital were given oral liposomal vitamin c with bio availability 90-95% in a palatable juice form apart from standard treatment protocol for covid-19 prescribed by world health organization and ICMR, AIIMS, AND GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU. RESULTS: Of the 8634 patients admitted 5422(62%) required non oxygen beds. -2989(34%) required oxygen beds on admission -223 patients(2.5%) required beds (with,98 on c pap,34 ventilators,64 high flow nasal oxygen, 43 non re-breathing mask and 58 non invasive ventilators), all outcomes are compared with same type of patients admitted in similar hospital and similar set of patients, were 49% required non oxygen bed,42% required oxygen beds 7.8% (9-13%)required ICU admissions and with out high dose vitamin c same type of protocol and the results compared and found out the morbidity, and is two third less in patients receiving high dose oral liposomal vitamin -C 4 grams per day. CONCLUSION: with available standard treatment protocols, addition of high dose oral vitamin c reduces morbidity by two third which is very significant in covid pandemic. It's especially important to understand that no supplement, diet, or other modification other than social distancing, wearing mask properly, and proper hygiene practices can prevent you from COVID-19.
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Introduction: Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, cardiac dysfunction, elevation in multiple inflammatory cytokines, thrombo embolic disease, and/or exacerbation of underlying co morbidities. In addition to pulmonary disease, patients with COVID-19 may also experience cardiac, hepatic, renal, and central nervous system disease. AIM OF THE STUDY;To describe the role and outcome, of high-dose of oral liposomal vitamin C treatment in reducing mortality in Covid-19 patients admitted in Government Medical College & ESI Hospital, Coimbatore, India. Materials and methods: Patients who admitted with the diagnosis of COVID-19 by RTPCR in government medical college and ESI hospital Coimbatore during 1 th march 2021 to may 31,2021 are taken for this retrospective study. Of the 8634 patients admitted 5422(62%) required non oxygen beds. -2989(34%) required oxygen beds on admission -223 patients(2.5%) required beds (with,98 on c pap, 34 ventilators,64 high flow nasal oxygen, 43 non re-breathing mask and 58 non invasive ventilators), all outcomes are compared with same type of patients admitted in similar hospital and similar set of patients, without high dose vitamin c.
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COVID-19 has overwhelmed the health systems all over the world. Using a methodology for finding excess deaths due to illnesses, we estimated the statistics for the countries which had their first case of coronavirus infection in January 2020. For illustration, the avoidable harm in the USA was 160,988 and that of the UK was 38,857 until the 2nd week of August 2020. Geographic distribution of excess deaths was plotted on GeoDa® shaded map. Spatial error model showed that early and vigorous testing reduced the mortality load. Strategy has to be worked out to contain the pandemic using the appropriate public health tools.